puff 443 Ebola- Some Resources

Key Resources for the Clinician
Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA 2002;287:2391-405 [Full text]

CDC. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Fact sheets: Arenaviridae [Full text]

CDC. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Fact sheets: Ebola hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

CDC. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Fact sheets: Marburg hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

Jahrling P. Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Chap 29. In: Zajtchuk R, Bellamy RF, eds. Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 1997 [Full text]

WHO. Fact sheets: Ebola hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

WHO. Fact sheets: Lassa hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

WHO. Fact sheets: Yellow fever [Full text]

WHO. Fact Sheets: Rift Valley Fever [Full text]

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Images
Ebola virus (WHO) [Web page]

Field investigations and electron micrographs (Public Health Image Library) [Ebola, Marburg, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, arenavirus]

Ocular manifestations (JAMA 2002 May 8;287[18]:2397 [Web page]

Rash illness (JAMA 2002 May 8;287[18]:2397) [Web page]

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Diagnosis and Management
Adhikari Prabha MR, Prabhu MG, Raghuveer CV, et al. Clinical study of 100 cases of Kyasanur Forest disease with clinicopathological correlation. Indian J Med Sci 1993;47:124-30 [Abstract]

Al-Hazmi M, Ayoola EA, Abdurahman M, et al. Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: a clinical study of severe illness in humans. Clin Infect Dis 2003 Feb 1;36(3);245-52 [Abstract]

Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA 2002;287:2391-405 [Full text]

Bwaka MA, Bonnet MJ, Calain P, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients. J Infect Dis 1999:179(suppl 1):S1-S7 [Full text]

Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X. Arenaviruses other than Lassa virus. Antiviral Res 2003 Jan:57(1-2):89-100 [Abstract]

Colebunders R, Borchert M. Ebola hemorrhagic fever—a review. J Infect 2000;40(1):16-20 [Abstract]

Frame JD. Clinical feataures of Lassa fever in Liberia. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11(suppl 4):S783-S789

Frame JD, Baldwin JM Jr, Gocke DJ, et al. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. I. Clinical description and pathological findings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1970;19(4):670-6

Franz DR, Jahrling PB, Friedlander AM, et al. Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents. JAMA 1997;278(5):399-411 [Abstract]

Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA. Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 2003 Jan;57(102):129-46 [Abstract]

Gunther S, Weisner B, Roth A, et al. Lassa fever encephalopathy: Lassa virus in cerebrospinal fluid but not in serum. J Infect Dis 2001;184(3):345-9 [Abstract]

Jahrling P. Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Chap 29. In: Zajtchuk R, Bellamy RF, eds. Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 1997 [Full text]

Martini GA, Sieger R, eds. Marburg virus disease. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971

McCormick JB, King IJ, Webb PA, et al. A case-control study of the clinical diagnosis and course of Lassa fever. J Infect Dis 1987;155(3):445-55 [Abstract]

Monson MH, Cole AK, Frame JD, Serwint JR, et al. Pediatric Lassa fever: a review of 33 Liberian cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987;36(2):408-15

Monson MH, Frame JD, Jahrling PB, et al. Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia: clinical and epidemiologic aspects at Curran Lutheran Hospital, Zorzor, Liberia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1984;78:549-53

Mupapa K, Mudundu W, Bwaka MA, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever and pregnancy. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S11-S12 [Full text]

Pavri K. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and hematologic features of Kyasanur Forest disease. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11(suppl 4):S854-S859

Strausbaugh LH, Laughlin LW, Meegan JM, et al. Clinical studies on Rift Valley fever. I. Acute febrile and hemorrhagic-like disease. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1978;53:181-2

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Treatment
Barry M, Russi M, Armstrong L, et al. Brief report: treatment of a laboratory acquired Sabia virus infection. N Engl J Med 1995;333:294-6

Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA 2002;287:2391-405 [Full text]

Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X. Arenaviruses other than Lassa virus. Antiviral Res 2003 Jan:57(1-2):89-100 [Abstract]

Enria DA, Maiztegui JI. Antiviral treatment of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Antivirol Res 1994;2323-31

Enserink M. Virology. New vaccine and treatment excite Ebola researchers. Science 2003 Nov;302(5648):1141-2 [PubMed listing with link to text]

Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, et al. Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-alpha2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S224-S234 [Full text]

Huggins J, Zhang ZX, Bray M. Antiviral drug therapy of filovirus infections: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors inhibit Ebola virus in vitro and in a lethal mouse model. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S240-S247

Kilgore PE, Ksiazek TB, Rollin PE, et al. Treatment of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever with intravenous ribavirin. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:718-22

Kudoyaroya-Zubavichene NM, Sergeyev NN, Chepurnov AA, et al. Preparation and use of hyperimmune serum for prophylaxis and therapy of Ebola virus infections. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S218-S223

Leifer E, Gocke DJ, Bourne H. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. II. Report of a laboratory-acquired infection treated with plasma from a person recently recovered from the disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1970;19(4):677-9

Mairuhu AT, Brandies DP, van Gorp EC. Treating viral hemorrhagic fever. IDrugs 2003 Nov;6(11):1061-6 [Abstract]

McCormick JB, King IJ, Webb PA, et al. Lassa fever: effective therapy with ribavirin. N Engl J Med 1986;314(1):20-6 [Abstract]

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Vaccines
CDC. Adverse events associated with 17D-derived yellow fever vaccination—United States, 2001-2002. MMWR 2002 Nov 8;51(44):989-93 [Full text]

CDC. Fever, jaundice, and multiple organ system failure associated with 17D-derived yellow fever vaccination, 1996-2001. MMWR 2001;50(30):643-5 [Full text]

CDC. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2002. MMWR 2002 Nov 8;51(RR17):1-10 [Full text]

Dandawatte CN, Desai GB, Achar TR, et al. Field evaluation of formalin inactivated Kyasanur Forest disease virus tissue culture vaccine in 3 districts of Karnataka state. Indian J Med Res 1994;99:152-8

Enserink M. Virology. New vaccine and treatment excite Ebola researchers. Science 2003 Nov;302(5648):1141-2 [PubMed listing with link to text]

Fisher-Hoch SP, Hutwagner L, Brown B, et al. Effective vaccine for Lassa fever. J Virol 2000;74(15):6777-83 [Full text]

Geisbert TW, Pushdo P, Anderson K, et al. Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8(5):503-7 [Full text]

Hart MK. Vaccine research efforts for filoviruses. Int Journal Parasitol 2003 May;33(5-6):583-95 [Abstract]

Maiztegui JI, McKee KT JR, Barrera Ora JG, et al. Protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 1998;177:277-83 [Abstract]

Pittman PR, Liu CT, Cannon TL, et al. Immunogenicity of an inactivated Rift Valley fever vaccine in humans. Vaccine 1999;18(1-2):181-9 [Abstract]

Sullivan NJ, Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, et al. Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates. Nature 2003 Aug 7;424(6949:681-3 [Abstract]

Sullivan NJ, Sanches A, Rollin PE, et al. Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates. Nature 2000;408:605-9 [Abstract]

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Epidemiology
Al-Hazmi M, Ayoola EA, Abdurahman M, et al. Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: a clinical study of severe illness in humans. Clin Infect Dis 2003 Feb 1;36(3);245-52 [Abstract]

Bouree P, Bergmann JF. Ebola virus infection in man: a serological and epidemiological survey in the Cameroons. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1983;32(6):1465-6 [Abstract]

Carey DE, Kemp GE, White HA, et al. Lassa fever: epidemiologic aspects of the 1970 epidemic, Jos, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1972;66:402-8

CDC. Fatal illness associated with a New World arenavirus—California, 1999-2000. MMWR 2000;49(31);709-11 [Full text]

CDC. Bolivian hemorrhagic fever—El Beni Department, Bolivia, 1994. MMWR 1994;43(50):943-6 [Full text]

CDC. Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever—Uganda, August 2000–January 2001. MMWR 2001:50(05):73-7 [Full text]

CDC. Outbreak of Rift Valley fever—Saudi Arabia, August-November 2000. MMWR 2000;49(43);982-5 [Full text]

CDC. Outbreak of Rift Valley fever—Yemen, August—October 2000. MMWR 2000;49(47):1065-6 [Full text]

CDC. Rift Valley fever—East Africa, 1997-1998. MMWR;47(13):261-4 [Full text]

Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X. Arenaviruses other than Lassa virus. Antiviral Res 2003 Jan:57(1-2):89-100 [Abstract]

Conrad JL, Isaacson M, Smith EB, et al. Epidemiologic investigation of Marburg virus disease, Southern Africa, 1975. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1978;27(6):1210-5

Dowell SF, Mukundu R, Ksiazek TG, et al. Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis 1999:179(suppl 1): S87-S91 [Abstract] [Full text]

Fraser DW, Campbell CC, Monath TP, et al. Lassa fever in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, 1970-1972. I. Epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1974;23(6):1131-9

Gear JS, Cassel GA, Gear AJ, et al. Outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Johannesburg. BMJ 1975;4:489-93

Georges AJ, Leroy, EM, Renaut AA, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994-1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. J Infect Dis 1999:179(suppl 1):S65-S75 [Full text]

Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA. Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 2003 Jan;57(102):129-46 [Abstract]

Haas WH, Breuer T, Pfaff G, et al. Imported Lassa fever in Germany: surveillance and management of contact persons. Clin Infect Dis 2003 May 15:36(10):1254-8 [Abstract]

Heymann DL, Weisfeld JS, Webb PA, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Tandala, Zaire, 1977-1978. J Infect Dis 1980 Sep;142(3):372-6

Jaxx NK, Davis KH, Geisber TJ, et al. Lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Ebola-Zaire (Mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1996;120:140-55

Jaax N, Jahrling P, Geisbert T, et al. Transmission of Ebola virus (Zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory. Lancet 1995;346(8991-2):1669-71 [Abstract]

Johnson E, Jaax N, White J, et al. Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized Ebola virus. Int J Exp Pathol 1995;76(4):227-36 [Abstract]

Kenyon RH, McKee KT Jr, Sack PM, et al. Aerosol infection of rhesus macaques with Junin virus. Intervirology 1992;33(1):23-31 [Abstract]

Khan AS, Tshioko FK, Heymann DL, et al. The re-emergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S76-86 [Full text]

Lacy MD, Smego RA. Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1997;12:21-53

LeDuc JW. Epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever viruses. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11(suppl 4):S730-S735

McCormick JB, Webb PA, Krebs JW, et al. A prospective study of the epidemiology and ecology of Lassa fever. J Infect Dis 1987;155(3):437-44 [Abstract]

Meegan JM. Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt: description of the epizootic and virological studies. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1979;73:618-23

Miranda ME, Ksiazek TG, Retuya TJ, et al. Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) in the Phillipines, 1996. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S115-S119 [Full text]

Monath TP. Lassa fever: review of epidemiology and epizootiology. Bull World Health Organ 1975;52:577-92

Peters CJ, Kuehne RW, Mercado RR, et al. Hemorrhagic fever in Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1971. Am J Epidemiol 1974;99:425-33

Peters CJ, LeDuc JW. An introduction to Ebola: the virus and the disease. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):ix-xvi [Full text]

Polesky A, Bhatia G. Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the era of bioterrorism. Semin Respir Infect 2003 Sep;18(3):206-15 [Abstract]

Richmond JK, Baglole D. Lassa Fever: epidemiology, clinical features, and social consequences. Br Med J 2003 Nov 29:327(7426):1271-5 [Full text]

Roels TH, Bloom AS, Buffington J, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: risk factors for patients without a reported expsosure. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S92-S97 [Full text]

Rowe AK, Bertolli J, Khan AS, et al. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S28-S35

Salas R, de Manzione N, Tesh RB et al. Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever.
Lancet 1991;338(8774):1033-6 [Abstract]

Shoemaker J, Boulianne C, Vincent MJ, et al. Genetic analysis of viruses associated with emergence of Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, 2000-01. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8(12) [Full text]

Slenczka WG. The Marburg virus outbreak of 1967 and subsequent episodes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999;235:49-75

Smith DH, Johnson BK, Isaacson M, et al. Marburg-virus disease in Kenya. Lancet 1982;1(8276):816-20

Stephenson EH, Larson EW, Dominik JW. Effect of environmental factors on aerosol-induced Lassa virus infection. J Med Virol 1984;14:295-303

WHO. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Report of an International Commission. Bull World Health Organ 1978;56(2);271-93

WHO. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: report of a WHO expert committee, 1984

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Laboratory Issues and Virology
ASM. Sentinel laboratory guidelines for suspected agents of bioterrorism: packing and shipping infectious substances, diagnostic specimens, and biological agents [Web page]

ASM. Sentinel laboratory guidelines for suspected agents of bioterrorism: unknown viruses [Web page]

Bae HG, Nitsche A, Teichmann A, et al. Detection of yellow fever virus: a comparison of quantitative real-time PCR and plaque assay. J Virol Methods 2003;110(2):185-91 [Abstract]

Banerjee K, Gupta NP, Goverdhan MK. Viral infections in laboratory personnel. Indian J Med Res 1979;69:363-73

Bausch DG, Rollin PE, Demby AH, et al. Diagnosis and clinical virology of Lassa fever as evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect fluorescent-antibody test, and virus isolation. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(7):2670-7 [Full text]

Bowen MD, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, et al. Genetic diversity among Lassa virus strains. J Virol 2000;74(15):6992-7004 [Full text]

Buckley SM, Casals J. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. 3. Isolation and characterization of the virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1970;19(4):680-91

CDC. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories (BMBL). Ed 4, April 1999 [Full text]

CDC. Facts about the Laboratory Response Network [Web page]

CDC. Laboratory security and emergency response guidance for laboratories working with select agents. MMWR 2002 Dec 6;51(RR-19):1-6 [Full text]

CDC. Select Agent Program [Web page]

Demby AH, J. Chamberlain J, Brown DW, et al. Early diagnosis of Lassa fever by reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32(12):2898-903 [Abstract]

DHHS. 42 CFR Part 73: Possession, use, and transfer of select agents and toxins. Interim Final Rule. Fed Reg 2002 Dec 13;240(67):76885-905 [Full text]

Drosten C, Gottig S, Schilling S, et al. Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time eeverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40(7):2323-30 [Abstract]

Drosten C, Panning M, Guenther S, et al. False-negative results of PCR assay with plasma of patients with severe viral hemorrhagic fever. (Letter) J Clin Microbiol 2002 Nov;40(11):4394-5

Feldmann H, Kiley MP. Classification, structure, and replication of filoviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999;235:1-21

Garcia S, Crance JM, Billecocq A, et al. Quantitative real-time PCR detection of Rift Valley fever virus and its application to evaluation of antiviral compounds 1. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:4456-61

Geisbert TW, Jaax NK. Marburg hemorrhagic fever: report of a case studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Ultrastruct Pathol 1998;22(1):3-17 [Abstract]

Geisbert TW, Jahrling PB. Use of immunoelectron microscopy to show Ebola virus during the 1989 United States epizootic. J Clin Pathol 1990;43(10):813-6 [Abstract]

Geisbert TW, Rhoderick JB, Jahring PB. Rapid identification of Ebola virus and related filoviruses in fluid specimens using indirect immunoelectron microscopy. J Clin Pathol 1991;44(6):521-2 [Abstract]

Gibb TR, Norwood DA Jr, Woollen N, et al. Development and evaluation of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay to detect and differentiate between Ebola virus subtypes Zaire and Sudan. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39(11):4125-30 [Full text]

Gibb TR, Norwood DA Jr, Woollen N, et al. Development and evaluation of a fluorogenic 5'-nuclease assay to identify Marburg virus. Mol Cell Probes 2001;15(5):259-66 [Abstract]

Koraka P, Zeller H, Niedrig M, et al. Reactivity of serum samples from patients with a flavivirus infection measured by immunofluorescence assay and ELISA. Microbes Infect 2002 Oct;4(12):1209-15 [Abstract]

Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Jahrling PB, et al. Enzyme immunosorbent assay for Ebola virus antigens in tissues of infected primates. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30(4):947-50 [Abstract]

Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Williams AJ, et al. Clinical virology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF): virus, virus antigen, and IgG and IgM antibody findings among EHF patients in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S177-S187 [Full text]

Ksiazek TG, West CP, Rollin PE, et al. 1999. ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S192-S198 [Full text]

Leroy EM, Baize S, Lu CY, et al. Diagnosis of Ebola haemorrhagic fever by RT-PCR in an epidemic setting. J Med Virol 2000;60(4):463-7 [Abstract]

Lisieux T, Coimbra M, Nassar ES, et al. New arenavirus isolated in Brazil. Lancet 1994;343(8894):391-2 [Abstract]

Lucht A, Grunow R, Moller P, et al. Development, characterization and use of monoclonal VP40-antibodies for the detection of Ebola virus. J Virol Methods 2003 Jul;111(1):21-8 [Abstract]

Lunkenheimer K, Hufert FT, Schmitz H. Detection of Lassa virus RNA in specimens from patients with Lassa fever by using the polymerase chain reaction
1. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28(12):2689-92 [Abstract]

McCormick JB, Bauer SP, Elliott LH, et al. Biologic differences between strains of Ebola virus from Zaire and Sudan J Infect Dis 1983;147(2):264-7

Rodriguez LL, De Roo A, Guimanrd Y, et al. Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S170-S176

Sall AA, Macondo EA, Sene OK, et al. Use of reverse transcriptase PCR in early diagnosis of rift valley Fever. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002;9(3):713-5 [Abstract]

Sall AA, Thonnon J, Sene OK, et al. Single-tube and nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection of Rift Valley fever virus in human and animal sera 1. J Virol Methods 2001;91:85-92 [Abstract]

Sanchez A, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of Ebola viruses causing disease in human and nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S164-S169 [Full text]

Sanchez A, Trappier SG, Mahy BW, et al. The virion glycoproteins of Ebola viruses are encoded in two reading frames and are expressed through transcriptional editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93(8):3602-7 [Full text]

Sanchez A, Yang ZY, Xu L, et al. Biochemical analysis of the secreted and virion glycoproteins of Ebola virus. J Virol 1998;72(8):6442-7 [Abstract]

Sewell DL. Laboratory safety practices associated with potential agents of biocrime or bioterrorism. J Clin Microbiol 2003 Jul;41(7):2801-9 [Abstract]

Smithburn KC, Mahaffy AF, Haddow AJ, et al. Rift Valley Fever: accidental infections among laboratory workers. J Immunol 1949;62:213-227

Takada A, Feldmann H, Ksiazek TG, et al. Antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection. J Virol 2003;77(13):7539-44 [Abstract]

Trappier SG, Conaty AL, Farrar BB, et al. Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of Lassa virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993;49(2):214-21

WHO. Yellow fever. Immunologic Basis for Immunization Series, module 8. 1993 [Full text]

Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, Greer PW, et al. A novel immunohistochemical assay for the detection of Ebola virus in skin: implications for diagnosis, spread, and surveillance of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidemies a Kikwit. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S36-S47 [Full text]

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Pathology and Pathogenesis
Chen JP, Cosgriff TM. Hemorrhagic fever virus-induced changes in hemostasis and vascular biology. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2000;11(5):461-83 [Abstract]

Cummins D, Molinas FC, Lerer G, et al. A plasma inhibitor of platelet aggregation in patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1990;42(5):470-5 [Abstract]

Feldman H, Volchkov VE, Volchcova VA, et al. The glycoproteins of Marburg and Ebola virus and their potential roles in pathogenesis. Arch Virol 1999;159(suppl):159-69

Fisher-Hoch SP, Mitchell SW, Sasso DR, et al. Physiological and immunologic disturbances associated with shock in a primate model of Lassa fever. J Infect Dis 1987;155(3):465-74

Fisher-Hoch SP, Platt GS, Neild GH, et al. Pathophysiology of shock and hemorrhage in a fulminating viral infection (Ebola). J Infect Dis 1985;152(5):887-94

Geisbert TW, Young HA, Jahrling PB, et al. Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/macrophages is a key event. J Infect Dis 2003 Dec(11);188:1618-29 [Abstract]

Geisbert TW, Young HA, Jahrling PB, et al. Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection. Am J Pathol 2003 Dec;163(6):2347-70 [Abstract]

Geisbert TW, Young HA, Jahrling PB, et al. Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in primate models: evidence that hemorrhage is not a direct effect of virus-induced cytolysis of endothelial cells. Am J Pathol 2003 Dec;163(6):2371-82 [Abstract]

Lucia HL, Coppenhaver DH, Harrison RL, et al. The effect of an arenavirus infection on liver morphology and function. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1990;43(1):93-8 [Abstract]

Mahanty S, Hutchinson K, Agarwal S, et al. Cutting edge: impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by Ebola and Lassa viruses. J Immunol 2003 Mar 15;170(6):2797-802 [Abstract]

Peters CJ, Zaki SR. Role of the endothelium in viral hemorrhagic fevers. Crit Care Med 2002;30(5 suppl):S268-S273 [Abstract]

Schnittler HJ, Feldmann H. Viral hemorrhagic fever—a vascular disease? Thromb Haemost 2003 Jun;89(6):967-72 [Abstract]

Schnittler HJ, Mahner F, Drenckhahn D, et al. Replication of Marburg virus in human endothelial cells. A possible mechanism for the development of viral hemorrhagic disease. J Clin Invest 1993;91(4):1301-9 [Abstract]

Vilklinger F, Rollin PE, Brar SS, et al. Markedly elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with fatal Ebola virus infection. J Infect Dis 1999;179(suppl 1):S188-S191

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Public Health
Bray M. Defense against filoviruses used as biological weapons. Antiviral Res 2003 Jan;57(1-2):53-60 [Abstract]

Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA 2002;287:2391-405 [Full text]

CDC. Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparation and response. MMWR 2000;49(RR04);1-14 [Full text]

CDC. Ebola-Reston virus infection among quarantined nonhuman primates—Texas, 1996. MMWR 1996;45(15);314-6 [Full text]

CDC. Epidemiologic notes and reports update: Ebola-related filovirus infection in nonhuman primates and interim guidelines for handling nonhuman primates during transit and quarantine. MMWR 1990;39(2):22-24, 29-30 [Full text]

CDC. Medical examiners, coroners, and biologic terrorism: a guidebook for surveillance and case management. MMWR 2004 Jun 11;53(RR08):1-36 [Full text]

CDC. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Fact sheets: Arenaviridae [Full text]

CDC. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Fact sheets: Ebola hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

CDC. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Fact sheets: Marburg hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA. Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 2003 Jan;57(102):129-46 [Abstract]

Isaacson M. Viral hemorrhagic fever hazards for travelers in Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33(10):1707-12 [Abstract]

WHO. Fact sheets: Ebola hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

WHO. Fact sheets: Lassa hemorrhagic fever [Full text]

WHO. Fact Sheets: Rift Valley Fever [Full text]

WHO. Fact sheets: Yellow fever [Full text]

WHO. WHO recommended guidelines for epidemic preparedness and response: Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF). WHO/EMC/DIS/97.7 [Full text]

WHO. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: report of a WHO expert committee, 1984

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Infection Control
Armstrong LR, Dembray LM, Rainey PM, et al. Management of a Sabia virus-infected patient in a US hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:176-82 [Abstract]

Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA 2002;287:2391-405 [Full text]

CDC. Management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever—United States. MMWR 1995;44(25):475-9 [Full text]

Fisher-Hoch SP, Tomori O, et al. Review of cases of nosocomial Lassa fever in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice. BMJ 1995;311(7009):857-9 [Full text]

Haas WH, Breuer T, Pfaff G, et al. Imported Lassa fever in Germany: surveillance and management of contact persons. Clin Infect Dis 2003 May 15:36(10):1254-8 [Abstract]

Richards GA, Murphy S, Jobson R, et al. Unexpected Ebola virus in a tertiary setting: clinical and epidemiologic aspects. Crit Care Med 2000;28(1):240-4 [Abstract]

Swaan CM, van den Broek PJ, Kampert E, et al. Management of a patient with Lassa fever to prevent transmission. J Hosp Infect 2003 Nov;55(3):234-5 [PubMed listing with link to text]

Weber DJ, Rutala WA. Risks and prevention of nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32(3):446-56 [Abstract] puffshop
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Call me...



I thought we could go to a film after the game...


Marianne Faithfull- As Tears Go By 1965


some cards...


Rods?


Rolling Stones- Angie


女子高生

What is going on in the music scene?


Last Gasp Cafe 14...



Get up and go? Where to?


Gwen Stephani- The Great Escape...


Coffee? Orange juice only from 10.30, Dude...



Last Gasp Cafe 13...


I have GOT to lose weight...


Bob Dylan- Like a Rolling Stone 1966


SERIOUSLY, I HAVE to lose weight...


Requiem for Erika Ortiz :^: Broken Road


Have to DO something about my skin...


Pink Floyd: The Mind's Eye



who is buying?


Lady so Far :-: for Tyra Banks


better make some money...better call home...


C.C.Catch - Backseat of your Cadillac

puffshop

just then the computer started to play up...


Last Gasp Cafe 8


Good morning...


Jim Carrey - Standup Routine - Comedy Store (1996)


I've got this, like, really oily skin...


What was that?


Last Gasp Cafe 4...


Good deed done for the day... every day...like a roller coaster...


Last Gasp Cafe 15: Concert for Donnie Darko



I tried to lose weight in a New York minute and nearly got lost...


Last Gasp Cafe 2...


I went to bed with a book...


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To sleep perchance to...


Cheltenham is on...


BQ on B :-: Brazilian Queen on Beale St


The Lady was talking to Tee about opportunities on the net...


but Throg was dreaming about a back rub...


Throgmorton woke up and thought about an ipod...



Colin for Mark...


Chickenman woke up thinking about Bob Greene and Oprah...



Rolling Stones, Gimme Shelter(Pop Go the Sixties) 1969


I thought about my business opportunities...don't count your money till the dealings done...


Sweet Miss Jay- Angelina Jolie...


I attended to what was left of the business and did my Sporting Index chores...


I was bored so I called my business advisor on Dialaphone...


she mentioned Zwinky...


I was like,lol, what about Zylom...


Rolling Stones- Sympathy for the devil. Live in Rio 2006


things got serious and we talked about Finance Box Houses...


and Finance Box Student Loans...



Showbuzz rox she shouted...


I told her about Bonprix, classy? well yes...


don't forget Anona, Big Sun, Barstow, San Bernadino...and don't forget Yves...


we talked about lost souls we shared and she told me how we might find them on Reunion...


Voip? for sure I said...


then we climbed the Lending Tree together...


take a chance on Coral?


me, I'm lost in space...SATNAV for space cowboys like you, she murmured...


we played at the Red Casino...


we flew Siesta...


we met each other again on Yahoo Personal...


Dating?


just having fun on Gameplay actually...


we listened to Attic Jam...


we got right into The Hedrons...


and how about the new album from da Red Hot Chilli Peppers...


you can buy these with a Post Office Credit Card she told me over lunch...


and in the afternoon we flew away on HLX...


I noticed that she wore Nikes...


we booked a lovely place to stay through Cottages...


Radio Story aka The Story Continues...



she looked stunning in her Contessa gear...


Deftones at Taste of Chaos - RX Queen w/ Street Drum Corp



we listened in the dark to Beck...


she declared that she would vote for Hilary Clinton...


me, I want more of Mate-dating...


we discussed our bodies and Hoodia...


then she told me about another way to lose weight...
Phentrazine - Now Available Without a Prescription

me being more of a car person I clicked on Auto Loan...


Changing Chairs


she wanted money for other things so she clicked on Ocean Financial...


We both decided that discretion was the better part of valour and we looked at the Privacy Credit Card...


Sweet Killer Love



thought about Global Travel...


and looking good the French way...


U2 and Mary J Blige- One, Madison Square Garden 10-8-05


we talked a little about a career in Criminal Justice...


but what really got us going was the thought of a Bahamas Cruise- the Anna Nicole Smith Tour? Well...